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The bassoon is a non- transposing instrument known for its distinctive tone colour, wide range, variety of character and agility. Listeners often compare its warm, dark, reedy timbre to that of a male baritone voice. From millions of real job salary data. Average salary is Detailed starting salary, median salary, pay scale, bonus data report. Back on a crisp January day in 2016, I slipped around on a frozen lake in Wisconsin to ask a bunch of portly men in grey hoodies and trucker hats how the fishing had. Matt The Cat has dug up some more R&B Christmas treasures and added a few tunes about New Years for this week’s continuation of the “Juke In The Back” R&B. Someone who plays the bassoon is called a bassoonist. Etymology. Even Stravinsky's famously difficult opening solo in The Rite of Spring only ascends to D5. A1 is possible with a special extension to the instrument—see . The bell (6), extending upward; the bass joint (or long joint) (5), connecting the bell and the boot; the boot (or butt) (4), at the bottom of the instrument and folding over on itself; the wing joint (or tenor joint) (3), which extends from boot to bocal; and the bocal (or crook) (2), a crooked metal tube that attaches the wing joint to a reed (1) ( listen (help. Bassoons are double reed instruments like the oboe and the English horn. A modern beginner's bassoon is generally made of maple, with medium- hardness types such as sycamore maple and sugar maple preferred. Less- expensive models are also made of materials such as polypropylene and ebonite, primarily for student and outdoor use; metal bassoons were made in the past but have not been produced by any major manufacturer since 1. The bore of the bassoon is conical, like that of the oboe and the saxophone, and the two adjoining bores of the boot joint are connected at the bottom of the instrument with a U- shaped metal connector. Both bore and tone holes are precision- machined, and each instrument is finished by hand for proper tuning. The walls of the bassoon are thicker at various points along the bore; here, the tone holes are drilled at an angle to the axis of the bore, which reduces the distance between the holes on the exterior. This ensures coverage by the fingers of the average adult hand. Wooden instruments are lined with hard rubber along the interior of the wing and boot joints to prevent damage from moisture; wooden instruments are also stained and varnished. The end of the bell is usually fitted with a ring, either of metal, plastic or ivory. The joints between sections consist of a tenon fitting into a socket; the tenons are wrapped in either cork or string as a seal against air leaks. The bocal connects the reed to the rest of the instrument and is inserted into a socket at the top of the wing joint. Bocals come in many different lengths and styles, depending on the desired tuning and playing characteristics. Folded upon itself, the bassoon stands 1. Playing is facilitated by doubling the tube back on itself and by closing the distance between the widely spaced holes with a complex system of key work, which extends throughout nearly the entire length of the instrument. There are also short- reach bassoons made for the benefit of young or petite players. Development. The origins of the dulcian are obscure, but by the mid- 1. A full consort of dulcians was a rarity; its primary function seems to have been to provide the bass in the typical wind band of the time, either loud (shawms) or soft (recorders), indicating a remarkable ability to vary dynamics to suit the need. Otherwise, dulcian technique was rather primitive, with eight finger holes and two keys, indicating that it could play in only a limited number of key signatures. The dulcian came to be known as fagotto in Italy. However, the usual etymology that equates fagotto with . Some think it may resemble the Roman Fasces, a standard of bound sticks with an ax. The dulcian was not immediately supplanted, but continued to be used well into the 1. Bach and others. The man most likely responsible for developing the true bassoon was Martin Hotteterre (d. Some historians believe that sometime in the 1. Hotteterre conceived the bassoon in four sections (bell, bass joint, boot and wing joint), an arrangement that allowed greater accuracy in machining the bore compared to the one- piece dulcian. He also extended the compass down to B. These may have included additional members of the Hotteterre family, as well as other French makers active around the same time. Sometime around 1. G. A fifth key, for the low E. Notable makers of the 4- key and 5- key baroque bassoon include J. H. Poerschmann (1. Thomas Stanesby, Jr. Scherer (1. 70. 3–1. Prudent Thieriot (1. Modern history. Increased sophistication, both in manufacturing techniques and acoustical knowledge, made possible great improvements in the instrument's playability. The modern bassoon exists in two distinct primary forms, the Buffet system and the Heckel system. Most of the world plays the Heckel system, while the Buffet system is primarily played in France, Belgium, and parts of Latin America. A number of other types of bassoons have been constructed by various instrument makers, such as the rare Galandronome. Heckel (German) system. Assisted by the German acoustic researcher Gottfried Weber, he developed the 1. Subsequent articles further developed his ideas. His employment at Schott gave him the freedom to construct and test instruments according to these new designs, and he published the results in Caecilia, Schott's house journal. Because of their superior singing tone quality (an improvement upon one of the main drawbacks of the Almenr. Kruspe implemented a latecomer attempt in 1. Other attempts to improve the instrument included a 2. Coming into the 2. Heckel- style German model of bassoon dominated the field. Heckel himself had made over 1,1. British makers' instruments were no longer desirable for the changing pitch requirements of the symphony orchestra, remaining primarily in military band use. Heckel bassoons are considered by many to be the best, although a range of Heckel- style instruments is available from several other manufacturers, all with slightly different playing characteristics. Because its mechanism is primitive compared to most modern woodwinds, makers have occasionally attempted to . In the 1. 96. 0s, Giles Brindley began to develop what he called the . Brindley's logical bassoon was never marketed. Buffet (French) system. Thereafter, it continued to develop in a more conservative manner. While the early history of the Heckel bassoon included a complete overhaul of the instrument in both acoustics and key work, the development of the Buffet system consisted primarily of incremental improvements to the key work. This minimalist approach of the Buffet deprived it of improved consistency of intonation, ease of operation, and increased power, which is found in Heckel bassoons, but the Buffet is considered by some to have a more vocal and expressive quality. The conductor John Foulds lamented in 1. Heckel- style bassoon, considering them too homogeneous in sound with the horn. The modern Buffet system has 2. Heckel. Compared to the Heckel bassoon, Buffet system bassoons have a narrower bore and simpler mechanism, requiring different fingerings for many notes. Switching between Heckel and Buffet requires extensive retraining. Buffet instruments are known for a reedier sound and greater facility in the upper registers, reaching e'' and f'' with far greater ease and less air resistance. French woodwind instruments' tone in general exhibits a certain amount of . This type of sound can be beneficial in music by French composers, but has drawn criticism for being too intrusive. As with all bassoons, the tone varies considerably, depending on individual instrument and performer. In the hands of a lesser player, the Heckel bassoon can sound flat and woody, but good players succeed in producing a vibrant, singing tone. Conversely, a poorly played Buffet can sound buzzy and nasal, but good players succeed in producing a warm, expressive sound, different from—but not inferior to—the Heckel. Though the United Kingdom once favored the French system. However, with continued use in some regions and its distinctive tone, the Buffet continues to have a place in modern bassoon playing, particularly in France, where it is originated. Buffet- model bassoons are currently made in Paris by Buffet Crampon and the atelier Ducasse (Romainville, France). The Selmer Company stopped fabrication of French system bassoons a few years ago. Some players, for example the late Gerald Corey in Canada, have learned to play both types and will alternate between them depending on the repertoire. Use in ensembles. Baroque composer Jean- Baptiste Lully and his Les Petits Violons included oboes and bassoons along with the strings in the 1. Antonio Cesti included a bassoon in his 1. Il pomo d'oro (The Golden Apple). However, use of bassoons in concert orchestras was sporadic until the late 1. This was largely due to the spread of the hautbois to countries outside France. Increasing use of the bassoon as a basso continuo instrument meant that it began to be included in opera orchestras, first in France and later in Italy, Germany and England. Meanwhile, composers such as Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, Michel Corrette, Johann Ernst Galliard, Jan Dismas Zelenka, Johann Friedrich Fasch and Telemann wrote demanding solo and ensemble music for the instrument. Antonio Vivaldi brought the bassoon to prominence by featuring it in 3. By the mid- 1. 8th century, the bassoon's function in the orchestra was still mostly limited to that of a continuo instrument—since scores often made no specific mention of the bassoon, its use was implied, particularly if there were parts for oboes or other winds. 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This document, which is one of a series of question- and- answer documents addressing particular disabilities in the workplace,3 explains how the ADA applies to job applicants and employees who have or had diabetes. In particular, this document explains: when an employer may ask an applicant or employee questions about her diabetes and how it should treat voluntary disclosures; what types of reasonable accommodations employees with diabetes may need; how an employer should handle safety concerns about applicants and employees with diabetes; andhow an employer can ensure that no employee is harassed because of diabetes or any other disability. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT DIABETESDiabetes is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose or sugar levels that result from defects in the body's ability to produce and/or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose enter the. With Type 1 diabetes, the body does not make insulin. With Type 2 diabetes, the more common type, the body does not make or use insulin well. Some women develop a type of diabetes called gestational diabetes during. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in the blood. Although diabetes cannot be cured, it can be managed. Some people are able to control their diabetes by eating a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy body weight, and exercising regularly. Many individuals, however, must take oral medication. With nearly two million new cases diagnosed each year, diabetes is becoming more prevalent in the United States and is the most common endocrine disease. Today, an estimated 1. United States. have diabetes. As a result of changes made by the ADAAA, individuals who have diabetes should easily be found to have a disability within the meaning of the first part of the ADA's definition of disability because they are substantially limited in the major. Additionally, because the determination of whether an impairment is a disability is made without regard to the ameliorative effects of mitigating measures, diabetes is a disability. An individual with a past history of diabetes (for example, gestational diabetes) also has a disability within the meaning of the ADA. Finally, an individual is covered under the third (. May an employer ask a job applicant whether she has or had diabetes or about her treatment related to diabetes before making a job offer? No. An employer may not ask questions about an applicant's medical condition. This means that an employer cannot. Of course, an employer may ask questions pertaining to the qualifications for, or performance of, the job, such as: whether the applicant has a commercial driver's license; orwhether she can work rotating shifts. Does the ADA require an applicant to disclose that she has or had diabetes or some other disability before accepting a job offer? No. The ADA does not require applicants to voluntarily disclose that they have or had diabetes or another disability unless they will need a reasonable accommodation for the application process (for example, a break to eat a snack or monitor. Some individuals with diabetes, however, choose to disclose their condition because they want their co- workers or supervisors to know what to do if they faint or experience other symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Sometimes, the decision to disclose depends on whether an individual will need a reasonable accommodation to perform the job (for example, breaks to take medication or a place to rest until blood sugar levels become normal). A person with. diabetes, however, may request an accommodation after becoming an employee even if she did not do so when applying for the job or after receiving the job offer. May an employer ask any follow- up questions if an applicant voluntarily reveals that she has or had diabetes? No. An employer generally may not ask an applicant who has voluntarily disclosed that she has diabetes any questions about her diabetes, its treatment, or its prognosis. However, if an applicant voluntarily discloses that she has diabetes. The employer. must keep any information an applicant discloses about her medical condition confidential. The employer. explains that cashiers typically get two 1. Before an offer of employment is. After an Offer of Employment Is Made. After making a job offer, an employer may ask questions about the applicant's health (including questions about the applicant's disability) and may require a medical examination, as long as all applicants for the same type of job are treated. After an employer has obtained basic medical information from all individuals who have received job offers, it may ask specific individuals. For example, if an employer asks all applicants post- offer about their general physical and mental health, it can ask individuals who disclose a. What may an employer do when it learns that an applicant has or had diabetes after she has been offered a job but before she starts working? When an applicant discloses after receiving a conditional job offer that she has diabetes, an employer may ask the applicant additional questions such as how long she has had diabetes; whether she uses insulin or oral medication; whether and how. The employer also may send the applicant for a follow- up medical examination or ask her to submit documentation from. Permissible follow- up questions at this stage differ from those at the pre- offer stage when an employer only may ask an applicant who. An employer may not withdraw an offer from an applicant with diabetes if the applicant is able to perform the essential functions of the job, with or without reasonable accommodation, without posing a direct threat (that is, a significant risk of. During the exam, he reveals that he has had diabetes for five years. He also. tells the doctor that since he started using an insulin pump two years ago, his blood sugar levels have been stable. The candidate also mentions that in his six years as a police officer for another department, he never had an incident related to. Because the candidate can perform the job's essential functions without posing a direct threat, it would be unlawful for the employer to withdraw the job offer. Employees. The ADA strictly limits the circumstances under which an employer may ask questions about an employee's medical condition or require the employee to have a medical examination. Once an employee is on the job, her actual performance is the best. When may an employer ask an employee whether diabetes, or some other medical condition, may be causing her performance problems? Generally, an employer may ask disability- related questions or require an employee to have a medical examination when it knows about a particular employee's medical condition, has observed performance problems, and reasonably believes that the. At other times, an employer may ask for medical information when it has observed symptoms, such as extreme fatigue or irritability, or has received reliable information from someone else (for example, a. Often, however, poor job performance is unrelated to a medical condition and generally should be handled in accordance with. Example 3: Several times a day for the past month, a receptionist has missed numerous phone calls and has not been at her desk to greet clients. The supervisor overhears the receptionist tell a co- worker that she feels. The supervisor may ask the receptionist whether she has diabetes or send her for a medical examination because he has a reason to believe that diabetes may be. The supervisor observed these changes soon after the secretary started going to law school in the evenings. The supervisor. can ask the secretary why his performance has declined but may not ask him about his diabetes unless there is objective evidence that his poor performance is related to his medical condition. May an employer require an employee on leave because of diabetes to provide documentation or have a medical examination before allowing her to return to work? Yes. If the employer has a reasonable belief that the employee may be unable to perform her job or may pose a direct threat to herself or others, the employer may ask for medical information. However, the employer may obtain only the information. Example 5: A newspaper reporter, who has been on leave for two months because of complications stemming from her diabetes, notifies her employer that she will be able to return to work in two weeks but will need a. Because the reporter's job frequently requires her to meet short deadlines, the employer may ask her to provide a doctor's note or other documentation indicating whether there are any limits on how many hours a day she can. Are there any other instances when an employer may ask an employee with diabetes about his condition? Yes. An employer also may ask an employee about diabetes when it has a reasonable belief that the employee will be unable to safely perform the essential functions of his job because of diabetes. In addition, an employer may ask an employee about. Keeping Medical Information Confidential. With limited exceptions, an employer must keep confidential any medical information it learns about an applicant or employee. CIBSE ASHRAE Group. This is the twenty first year of this well established and prestigious award that rewards the best graduate from a programme related to CIBSE/ASHRAE activities with a trip to the 2. ASHRAE meeting in Las Vegas, USA. Online bookings closed for places for the event and the free reception in the historic IMech. E library. Last year's winner was Ryan Rodrigues. As his prize Ryan travelled to the ASHRAE Winter meeting in January 2. Orlando. Times are all subject to change .. IMech. E, Birdcage Walk, London ... Refreshments. 6. 0. Graduate finalists make presentations. The latest release of TRACE 700 focuses on updating and adding to the standard libraries that come with TRACE 700. What's New in TRACE 6.3.3 (June 2016). Presentation by award winning engineer. ASHRAE Presidential Lecture followed by Q& A - see below for full details. Awards presentations including Student Winner and Rumford Bursaries to runners up, CIBSE Patrons award and CBSD Annual Prize. Free reception for all booked attendees. Order and license the software you need or try free for 90 days. There is a first-year license fee and then. Does a Home with an HRV Also Need Bath Fans? Most homeowners find that an HRV with dedicated ductwork moves enough air to clear condensation from bathroom mirrors. Ensure that your Load or Energy Calculations Are Based on Climate Data from ASHRAE: International Weather for Energy Calculations—Typical weather files, suitable. M&V Guidelines: Measurement and Veri. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program. This download area also provides access to a wide variety of weather data that is compatible with eQUEST, DOE-2.x, PowerDOE and COMcheck-Plus. List of Sites in Alphabetical Order by State and Site Name. Click on a site number to access the TMY3 file for that site. Brief Summary of the TMY3s. This directory contains the data files for the typical meteorological year (TMY) data sets derived from the 1961-19-2005.Samantha Carlsson – Cardiff University and Hoare Lea. Katie Ewing – University of Bath and Atkins. Richard Garthwaite – Royal School of Military Engineering. Antoni Sapina Grau – Brunel University and WSP Parsons Brinkerhoff. Monica Madrigal – Universidad Politechnica Madrid and Foster & Partners. Scott Mason – University of Northampton and Lochinvar. Farai Mwashita – Loughborough University and Hilson Moran. Samima Saqib – Heriot Watt University(Dubai)1. Kevin Mitchell - South Bank University and Hoare Lea. Matthew Pilgrim - Arup. Sophia Kauntz - Arup. Ruth Kelly - Dublin Institute of Technology and AMEC2. Lucy Wilde - University of Nottingham and Capita Projects. Ciara Ahern - Dublin Institute of Technology. Richard Kemp - University of Nottingham and Hoare Lea. Dominic Shortland - London South Bank University. Kai Lim - Imperial College and Faber Maunsell. Nigel Banks - Sheffield and Faber Maunsell. Michael Norton - London South Bank University. Richard Unwin - London South Bank University and Overbury. Morwenna Wilson - Arup. Emma Marshall, Northumbria University and RPS Gregory. Michael Gardner, Coventry University and Pick Everard. Angela Malynn, London South Bank University and Arup. Lee Tabis, Leeds College and NG Bailey. William Holley, University of Nottingham and ARUP2. Emilia Targonska, Loughbrough University and Hoare Lea. Ryan Rodrigues, London South Bank University and Hurley Palmer Flatt. The finalists, will give a short presentation to the assembled audience and to the judging panel that includes the ASHRAE President Tim Wentz, CIBSE President John Field, IMech. E President Carolyn Griffiths and the 2. Ryan Rodrigues. Online bookings closed - for places for the event and the free reception in the historic IMech. E library. Location: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Birdcage Walk, London (Click here for a map)Co- sponsored by the IMech. E CBSD, Rumford Club and ASHRAESupported by Andrews Water Heaters, Ruskin Air Management and Waterloo Air Products. Start Menu; New File Wizard on startup, re- grouped. New/Existing/Help. Updated flow for Baseline building. Udated. baseline building creator now templates lighting power densities. Updated gas. consumption on LEED report to now default to therms and therms/hr. IP units. Updated LEED report: summary for energy now. MMBtu/hr. Updated LEED report: summary now includes. Updated ASHRAE 6. Static pressure of. ERD was still being applied. Fixed a reporting error. Bypass Variable Reheat system; the heating mode CFM was. Fixed an error in the Displacement Ventilation. Room Induction; the time of capacity peak was. Fixed an error when room exhaust was entered as. Fixed an error with Displacement Ventilation when an. Aux cooling coil was added. Fixed the Auxiliary losses to. Fixed the. weather override . The economizer. control point was not taking the underfloor heat pickup into account. Fixed the. LEED report for thermal storage. The LEED report was not correctly. Fixed the optional ventilation. Heating Coil was set to zero. Fixed. the heat rejection type for the VRV condensing unit. Fixed. the building areas report incorrectly showing Glass % instead of. Skylight %. Fixed the energy type on the LEED report for. Fixed the ERD leaving temperature. Fixed the primary chilled water pump for VS WSHP. Fixed. the holiday day type in the visualizer; it was not being. Fixed the cogen curves when they were entered as. KW/MBH. Incorrect conversion. Fixed the fan energy. ERD = room exhaust, rotate and average was. PRM calculation was selected. Fixed the. heating mode ventilation % when both system block airflow and system. Fixed the gb. XML import. Fixed the diffuser outflow on the. Fixed the fan sizing calculation. Fixed the LEED report. The W/Sq. Ft output was not. Fixed the LEED report for KW Demand on WSHP. Fixed the Air to Air Heat Pump curves. Fixed the . It would not allow 1. Fixed the cooling tower wetbulb reset. The control would. Fixed the. ventilation reset that underestimated the amount of reset. Fixed the parasitic energy consumption being. Fixed. the 9. 0. 1 PRM Calculation; it now includes input for non- primary fan. Fixed the return air calculation when. Fixed the main. heating coil capacity override. This. measures the plant's overall energy efficiency. Added. 9. 0. 1- 2. Added a diagnostic error message. WSHP loop is missing thermal storage. Updated both evaporative and dry fluid cooler calculations. The. updates are based on Energy. Plus algorithms. Updated. Heat Pump library members to comply with IC 9. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA (Operation between 4. F- 1. 7F). Updated. Changed from 5. F to. F. Updated the cooling equipment tab to allow a condenser. Fixed the economizer control point for SZVAV. This occurred when a. VAV boxes were. turned to . The heating. airflow is now allowed to go higher, but not more than the heating. VAV max airflow, and the fan will cycle higher as a result. Fixed an error in linking the airside coil capacities to the. Fixed a reporting error on the room. The main heating coil was inadvertently adding the. Fixed a. calculation error in the VRH system. The system was not maintaining. Fixed the. ducted return air temperature in a BPVAV system that was causing. Fixed the ventilation load on the. ERDs. Fixed. the 6. Ep value for VAV systems. When a hybrid (shut- off + Fan. VAV Ep values. Fixed the Er value for PFPVAVMBO. The default was changed from 0% to. Fixed the UFAD system design cooling coil leaving. Fixed the plant chilled water pump sizing to. W/gpm is selected. Fixed the system component selection. VAV boxes in the system. Fixed system types VAVBB Skin. VAV Forced flow skin heating to have reheat coils. Fixed the reporting of miscellaneous pump energy in the LEED. Fixed ERD control with frost prevention to decrease. Back to top. User must select “none” in the. Fixed an error in the Visualizer that did not. Fixed an error that under- reported heating. VAV system preheat coils were manually undersized. Fixed an error where units of Hp and k. W/cfm were not being. Fixed an error that did not use the. Vertical bore imported by the user. Fixed an error that. Fixed an error that calculated incorrect energy. Fixed an error that did not show the cooling tower. Fixed. schedule graphs that were not graphing correctly. Back to top. VAVBSK) did not exist. Fixed an error that would prevent full year weather from being. Fixed an error that prevented the. Entered Values reports from being viewed. Fixed an error. that prevented glass types from being imported into the Glass. Library. Fixed an error that eliminated the Default Air. Cooled Condenser when using plant level heat rejection. Fixed an error that would incorrectly calculate the coil. Fixed an error that would incorrectly calculate the. Fixed an error that would prevent the system profile. Chiller Plant Analyzer. Fixed an error. that would incorrectly show gas consumption on the Energy Cost. Budget report for equipment with no gas consumption when Base. Alternative For Energy Cost Budget Method has been selected. Fixed an error that would prevent the ASHRAE weather overrides. Back to top. The. Trane further accepts no responsibility or liability for the. |